Class 12 Chemistry – 100 Important Formulas (Hindi + English)
- 1. n = Mass / Molar Mass | मोल = द्रव्यमान / मोलर द्रव्यमान
- 2. M = Mass / n | मोलर द्रव्यमान = द्रव्यमान / मोल
- 3. n = Volume / 22.4 L | मोल = आयतन / 22.4 L
- 4. d = Mass / Volume | घनत्व = द्रव्यमान / आयतन
- 5. Molarity (M) = Moles / Volume (L) | मोलरता = मोल / आयतन
- 6. Molality (m) = Moles / Mass (kg) | मोललता = मोल / द्रव्यमान
- 7. Normality (N) = Eq / Volume | नॉर्मलता = समतुल्य / आयतन
- 8. Equivalent Weight = Molar Mass / n-factor | समतुल्य भार = मोलर द्रव्यमान / n
- 9. Mole Fraction = Moles / Total Moles | मोल अंश = मोल / कुल मोल
- 10. % Purity = (Pure / Impure) ×100 | शुद्धता %
- 11. P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ | Boyle’s Law
- 12. V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ | Charles Law
- 13. P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂ | Gay-Lussac Law
- 14. PV = nRT | Ideal Gas Equation
- 15. P = P₁+P₂ | Dalton’s Law
- 16. v(rms) = √3RT/M | RMS Velocity
- 17. v(avg) = √8RT/πM | Average Velocity
- 18. v(mp) = √2RT/M | Most Probable Velocity
- 19. KE = 3/2 RT | Kinetic Energy
- 20. Z = PV/nRT | Compressibility Factor
- 21. ΔU = q + w | Internal Energy
- 22. w = −PΔV | Work Done
- 23. q = mcΔT | Heat
- 24. ΔH = ΔU + PΔV | Enthalpy Change
- 25. ΔG = ΔH − TΔS | Gibbs Free Energy
- 26. ΔG = −nFE | Gibbs Energy in Electrochemistry
- 27. ΔS = q/T | Entropy
- 28. ΔH = H₂ − H₁ | Enthalpy
- 29. Cp − Cv = R | Relation
- 30. Efficiency = Work Output / Input
- 31. Kc = Products / Reactants | Equilibrium Constant
- 32. Kp = Kc (RT)^Δn | Gas Equilibrium
- 33. Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] | Ionic Product of Water
- 34. pH = −log[H⁺] | pH
- 35. pOH = −log[OH⁻] | pOH
- 36. pH+pOH=14
- 37. Ka=[H⁺][A⁻]/[HA] | Acid Dissociation
- 38. Kb=[BH⁺][OH⁻]/[B] | Base Dissociation
- 39. pH=pKa+log(Salt/Acid) | Henderson Equation
- 40. α = Dissociated/Initial | Degree of Dissociation
- 41. π=CRT | Osmotic Pressure
- 42. ΔTb=Kb m | Elevation in Boiling Point
- 43. ΔTf=Kf m | Depression in Freezing Point
- 44. ΔP/P°=Xsolute | Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure
- 45. M₁V₁=M₂V₂ | Dilution Formula
- 46. w/v% = Mass/Volume×100 | Weight/Volume %
- 47. w/w% = Mass/Mass×100 | Weight/Weight %
- 48. v/v% = Volume/Volume×100 | Volume/Volume %
- 49. ppm = Parts/10⁶ | Parts per Million
- 50. X = Moles/Total | Mole Fraction
- 51. E = E° − 0.0591/n logQ | Nernst Equation
- 52. Ecell=Ec−Ea | Cell Potential
- 53. ΔG=−nFE | Gibbs Energy
- 54. G=1/R | Conductance
- 55. κ=Gl/A | Specific Conductance
- 56. Λm=κ×1000/C | Molar Conductivity
- 57. Q=It | Electric Charge
- 58. m=ZIt | Faraday Law
- 59. F=96500C | Faraday Constant
- 60. t=Q/I | Time in Electrolysis
- 61. Rate=ΔC/Δt | Rate of Reaction
- 62. k=Rate/[A]ⁿ | Rate Constant
- 63. t½=0.693/k | Half-Life (1st Order)
- 64. k=Ae⁻ᴱᵃ/ᴿᵀ | Arrhenius Equation
- 65. Ea=2.303RTlog(k₂/k₁) | Activation Energy
- 66. Rate=k[A][B] | Rate Law
- 67. ln k = lnA − Ea/RT | Arrhenius Form
- 68. Order = sum of powers | Order of Reaction
- 69. Molecularity = no. molecules | Molecularity
- 70. t½=1/k[A] | Half-Life (2nd Order)
- 71. Adsorption ∝ Pressure | Surface Chemistry
- 72. x/m=kP¹/ⁿ | Freundlich Adsorption
- 73. Catalysis Rate ↑ | Catalysis
- 74. Colloid Size=1–1000nm | Colloid
- 75. Tyndall Effect
- 76. Brownian Motion
- 77. Emulsion Type
- 78. Peptization
- 79. Coagulation
- 80. Gold Number
- 81. d=Z×M/a³Na | Density of Solid
- 82. Packing Eff.=Volume of Atoms / Unit Cell ×100 | Packing Efficiency
- 83. a=2r (SC)
- 84. a=4r/√3 (BCC)
- 85. a=2√2r (FCC)
- 86. Void=1−Packing | Void Fraction
- 87. n=ρNa/M | Number of Moles in Unit Cell
- 88. Z=No. atoms | Number of Atoms per Unit Cell
- 89. Edge Length=a
- 90. CN=Coordination No.
- 91. Alkane: CnH2n+2 | एल्केन
- 92. Alkene: CnH2n | एल्कीन
- 93. Alkyne: CnH2n−2 | अल्काइन
- 94. Alcohol: R−OH | अल्कोहल
- 95. Aldehyde: R−CHO | एल्डिहाइड
- 96. Ketone: R−CO−R | कीटोन
- 97. Acid: R−COOH | कार्बोक्सिलिक एसिड
- 98. Ether: R−O−R | ईथर
- 99. Ester: R−COOR | एस्टर
- 100. Amine: R−NH₂ | अमीन